Renormalization of the Lattice HQET Isgur-Wise Function

We compute the perturbative renormalization factors required to match to the continuum Isgur-Wise function, calculated using lattice Heavy Quark Effective Theory. The velocity, mass, wavefunction and current renormalizations are calculated for both the forward difference and backward difference actions for a variety of velocities. Subtleties are clarified regarding tadpole improvement, regulating divergences, and variations of techniques used in these renormalizations.Comment: 28 pages, 0 figures, LaTeX. Final version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D. (Minor changes.

Conceptual design of an aircraft automated coating removal system

Paint stripping of the U.S. Air Force`s large transport aircrafts is currently a labor-intensive, manual process. Significant reductions in costs, personnel and turnaround time can be accomplished by the judicious use of automation in some process tasks. This paper presents the conceptual design of a coating removal systems for the tail surfaces of the C-5 plane. Emphasis is placed on the technology selection to optimize human-automation synergy with respect to overall costs, throughput, quality, safety, and reliability. Trade- offs between field-proven vs. research-requiring technologies, and between expected gain vs. cost and complexity, have led to a conceptual design which is semi-autonomous (relying on the human for task specification and disturbance handling) yet incorporates sensor- based automation (for sweep path generation and tracking, surface following, stripping quality control and tape/breach handling)

Limited health literacy is associated with reduced access to kidney transplantation

Limited health literacy is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and has been variably associated with adverse clinical outcomes. The prevalence of limited health literacy is lower in kidney transplant recipients than in individuals starting dialysis, suggesting selection of patients with higher health literacy for transplantation. We investigated the relationship between limited health literacy and clinical outcomes, including access to kidney transplantation, in a prospective UK cohort study of 2,274 incident dialysis patients aged 18-75 years. Limited health literacy was defined by a validated Single Item Literacy Screener (SILS). Multivariable regression was used to test for association with outcomes after adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomic status (educational level and car ownership), ethnicity, first language, primary renal diagnosis, and comorbidity. In fully adjusted analyses, limited health literacy was not associated with mortality, late presentation to nephrology, dialysis modality, haemodialysis vascular access, or pre-emptive kidney transplant listing, but was associated with reduced likelihood of listing for a deceased-donor transplant (hazard ratio [HR] 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.51-0.90), receiving a living-donor transplant (HR 0.41; 95% CI 0.19-0.88), or receiving a transplant from any donor type (HR 0.65; 95% CI 0.44-0.96). Limited health literacy is associated with reduced access to kidney transplantation, independent of patient demographics, socioeconomic status, and comorbidity. Interventions to ameliorate the effects of low health literacy may improve access to kidney transplantation

Harmonization study between three laboratories for expression of malaria vaccine clinical trial IgG antibody ELISA data in µg/mL

Background The ability to report vaccine-induced IgG responses in terms of µg/mL, as opposed arbitrary units (AU), enables a more informed interpretation of the magnitude of the immune response, and better comparison between vaccines targeting different antigens. However, these interpretations rely on the accuracy of the methodology, which is used to generate ELISA data in µg/mL. In a previous clinical trial of a vaccine targeting the apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) from Plasmodium falciparum, three laboratories (Oxford, NIH and WRAIR) reported ELISA data in µg/mL that were correlated but not concordant. This current study sought to harmonize the methodology used to generate a conversion factor (CF) for ELISA analysis of human anti-AMA1 IgG responses across the three laboratories. Methods Purified IgG was distributed to the three laboratories and, following a set protocol provided by NIH, AMA1-specific human IgG was affinity purified. A new “harmonized CF” was generated by each laboratory using their in-house ELISA, and the original clinical trial ELISA data were re-analysed accordingly. Results Statistical analysis showed that the data remained highly correlated across all three laboratories, although only Oxford and NIH were able to harmonize their CF for ELISA and generate concordant data. Conclusions This study enabled two out of the three laboratories to harmonize their µg/mL readouts for the human anti-AMA1 IgG ELISA, but results reported from WRAIR are ~ twofold higher. Given the need to validate such information for each species and antigen of interest, it is important to bear in mind these likely differences when interpreting µg/mL ELISA data in the future

Harmonization study between three laboratories for expression of malaria vaccine clinical trial IgG antibody ELISA data in µg/mL

Background The ability to report vaccine-induced IgG responses in terms of µg/mL, as opposed arbitrary units (AU), enables a more informed interpretation of the magnitude of the immune response, and better comparison between vaccines targeting different antigens. However, these interpretations rely on the accuracy of the methodology, which is used to generate ELISA data in µg/mL. In a previous clinical trial of a vaccine targeting the apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) from Plasmodium falciparum, three laboratories (Oxford, NIH and WRAIR) reported ELISA data in µg/mL that were correlated but not concordant. This current study sought to harmonize the methodology used to generate a conversion factor (CF) for ELISA analysis of human anti-AMA1 IgG responses across the three laboratories. Methods Purified IgG was distributed to the three laboratories and, following a set protocol provided by NIH, AMA1-specific human IgG was affinity purified. A new “harmonized CF” was generated by each laboratory using their in-house ELISA, and the original clinical trial ELISA data were re-analysed accordingly. Results Statistical analysis showed that the data remained highly correlated across all three laboratories, although only Oxford and NIH were able to harmonize their CF for ELISA and generate concordant data. Conclusions This study enabled two out of the three laboratories to harmonize their µg/mL readouts for the human anti-AMA1 IgG ELISA, but results reported from WRAIR are ~ twofold higher. Given the need to validate such information for each species and antigen of interest, it is important to bear in mind these likely differences when interpreting µg/mL ELISA data in the future

Azimuthal anisotropy and correlations in p+p, d+Au and Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV

We present the first measurement of directed flow ($v_1$) at RHIC. $v_1$ is found to be consistent with zero at pseudorapidities $\eta$ from -1.2 to 1.2, then rises to the level of a couple of percent over the range $2.4 < |\eta| < 4$. The latter observation is similar to data from NA49 if the SPS rapidities are shifted by the difference in beam rapidity between RHIC and SPS. Back-to-back jets emitted out-of-plane are found to be suppressed more if compared to those emitted in-plane, which is consistent with {\it jet quenching}. Using the scalar product method, we systematically compared azimuthal correlations from p+p, d+Au and Au+Au collisions. Flow and non-flow from these three different collision systems are discussed.Comment: Quark Matter 2004 proceeding, 4 pages, 3 figure

Azimuthal anisotropy: the higher harmonics

We report the first observations of the fourth harmonic (v_4) in the azimuthal distribution of particles at RHIC. The measurement was done taking advantage of the large elliptic flow generated at RHIC. The integrated v_4 is about a factor of 10 smaller than v_2. For the sixth (v_6) and eighth (v_8) harmonics upper limits on the magnitudes are reported.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures, contribution to the Quark Matter 2004 proceeding

Plasma Wakefield Acceleration with a Modulated Proton Bunch

The plasma wakefield amplitudes which could be achieved via the modulation of a long proton bunch are investigated. We find that in the limit of long bunches compared to the plasma wavelength, the strength of the accelerating fields is directly proportional to the number of particles in the drive bunch and inversely proportional to the square of the transverse bunch size. The scaling laws were tested and verified in detailed simulations using parameters of existing proton accelerators, and large electric fields were achieved, reaching 1 GV/m for LHC bunches. Energy gains for test electrons beyond 6 TeV were found in this case.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure